Breaking Up Is Hard To Do

Let's talk about dialogue. Sometimes we get so caught up in our dialogue that we forget to add beats of action, internal monologue and descriptions of the scene. This leaves us with dialogue where the characters sound like they're in a rush, and by the time we get to the end, we (the reader) feel out of breath.

Some writers tend to put all the important information into one paragraph. This is what I call an information dump. Instead, what we need to do is sprinkle the information throughout the text.

Allow me to provide a before and after example of how we can do this.

In the following example, we'll read what dialogue sounds like without any beats of action or internal monologue and very little descriptions of the scene. The following excerpt is taken from a historical western. We're in Anna's point of view in a dining car on a train.

BEFORE:

“May I join you?" the man asked. "There are no available tables in this car, and I see you are nearly finished.”

“Oh yes, please, sit down."

“The name's Steven Kane.”

Anna introduced herself, then stood and prepared to gulp down the rest of her tea.

“No need to rush. Take your time, enjoy your tea.” The man sat across from her.

“Thank you.” She settled back into her seat and tried to relax.

“And what’s your destination, if I may ask?”

“Denver City.”

“That’s where I’m going. So, you’ll be taking the stage from Julesburg.”

“No. I’ll be taking the stagecoach from Cheyenne.”

“Cheyenne? There’s nothing in Cheyenne. Why would you go that route? Are you meeting someone?”

“I was told in New York that I could take a coach from Cheyenne to Denver. It’s much closer, isn’t it? I mean, closer than Julesburg is to Denver City.”

“Hmmm. I suppose you’re right, it is closer. But you still have to go a ways on the train, and I know for a fact that the service from Julesburg is much faster. The stagecoach from Julesburg to Denver City has won competitions for its speed. You could get off with me. I can assure your safety. That is, if you’re not meeting someone.”

“Thank you for your kind offer, Mr. Kane, but I’m meeting my fiancé.” With that, she stood and bid him good day.

***
If you're not out of breath by this time, then you're likely bored out of your mind. Let's see how much richness we can add to our prose by breaking up our dialogue with some action and internal monologue. Not only that, notice how the added detail tells another part of the story.

AFTER:

Several days later and long past Chicago, Anna sat in the dining car, watching the scenery unfold before her eyes. The landscape spread out for miles. Occasionally, she’d spot a small farm or a ranch, but most of the land was wide-open spaces with fields and rolling hills of yellow, brown and green. She sipped her tea, noticing the empty plate before her. She hadn’t eaten this well in a long time.

“May I join you?”

She looked up.

A young gentleman with a black handlebar mustache stood next to her table. He smiled, put his hands behind his back and rocked on his feet. “There are no available tables in this car, and I see you are nearly finished.”

“Oh yes, please, sit down,” she said, ashamed she hadn’t spoken sooner.

“Steven Kane.” He tipped his hat.

Anna introduced herself, then stood and prepared to gulp down the rest of her tea.

“No need to rush. Take your time, enjoy your tea.” The man sat across from her.

“Thank you.” She settled back into her seat and tried to relax. She’d never shared a table with a man before.
“And what’s your destination, if I may ask?”

“Denver City.”

“That’s where I’m going.” The man’s smile broadened. “So, you’ll be taking the stage from Julesburg.”

Puzzled, she glanced up at him. “No. I’ll be taking the stagecoach from Cheyenne.”

“Cheyenne? There’s nothing in Cheyenne. Why would you go that route?” His brows rose in question. “Are you meeting someone?”

She took a sip from her tea. She didn’t want him to know she wasn’t meeting anyone, and yet, what if she were about to get off at the wrong stop?

“I was told in New York that I could take a coach from Cheyenne to Denver.” She cleared her throat, trying not to sound too ignorant. “It’s much closer, isn’t it? I mean, closer than Julesburg is to Denver City.” She recalled all her studies of the railroads, and where they were being built, and according to the map, Cheyenne was definitely closer to Denver.

“Hmmm.” Mr. Kane rubbed his chin. “I suppose you’re right, it is closer. But you still have to go a ways on the train, and I know for a fact that the service from Julesburg is much faster. The stagecoach from Julesburg to Denver City has won competitions for its speed.”

His eyes swept over her and back to her face. “You could get off with me. I can assure your safety. That is, if you’re not meeting someone.”

She forced a smile, shifting uncomfortably under his gaze. “Thank you for your kind offer, Mr. Kane, but I’m meeting my fiancé.” With that, she stood and bid him good day. Her conscience bothered her dreadfully for having told such a blatant lie.

***

Notice how once details are added to a scene we can now see the scene, feel it, touch it, and even taste it. It also gives us a look into the characters and their fears, struggles, triumphs. All of these things are what help us to lose ourselves in a story.

Let's play around with the dialogue below. How would you add richness to the following text? Have fun with it, and show us all the different directions a writer can take it.


"I can't."

"But it's not far."

"When you said we were going to FILL IN SPACE, I didn't know you meant this."

Do Your Settings Need Help?

This week, I decided to do something different. Monday, March 1, Lena Nelson Dooley will begin teaching an online course through WIES Workshops entitled "Taking Your Settings to the Next Level." I recently interviewed Lena about this course, and thought I'd share it here with you. After the interview, I'll ask you to share with us.

First, let me share a little with you about Lena.

Lena Nelson Dooley is a multi-published, award-winning author with more than 650,000 books in print. Although her brand is Characters Who Grip Your Heart, her books are a rich tapestry of setting, too. She's been a full-time author, speaker since her second book released in 2002. She's taught online classes for ACFW as well as doing workshops for writing groups and at both regional and national conferences. Lena's next book, Love Finds You in Golden New Mexico, will release May 1.

A native of Arkansas, she moved to Texas during college. She married there and still lives in Texas with the love her her life. They enjoy spending time with family and friends, traveling, and movies. Active in church, Lena volunteers in the church bookstore and serves on the Altar Ministry team.

TR: Lena, why are settings so important?

LND: A sense of setting lets the reader settle into the story without wondering where the characters are. They can comfortably enjoy watching the story take shape in their mind.

TR: Why are settings difficult to master?

LND: Many people don't understand the subtlety of adding setting. During the course, we'll talk about the nuances.

TR: How does an author know when to make the setting a real place, or when to create a fictional one?

LND: This depends on a number of things, and we'll discuss them during the class.

TR: I've read books that are so generic in setting, the action could take place anywhere. But the books I remember most create a sense of place for me - the author makes the reader want to go to the setting, even if it is fictional. Will your course help the writer accomplish that?

LND: Most definitely!

TR: What was your favorite setting to write in which book? Why was it your favorite?

LND: That's hard to answer. I loved each setting for different reasons. I will use many of the settings from my books as examples during the course.

TR: What was your most difficult setting? Why?

LND: Probably Pirate's Prize, set in 1804.

TR: How will the writer benefit from taking your course?

LND: They will learn how to establish a setting foundation and use it through the whole course.



Thanks, Lena, for taking the time to share with us. Registration is currently in progress for Lena's course, Taking Settings to the Next Level. Find all the details and registration information here.


Okay, reader, now it's your turn to tell us what you think about settings. Choose any or all of the questions below and provide your answers in the comments.


First, as a writer: What causes you the most trouble when creating settings for your books? Do you have any tips you'd like to share with us about creating those settings? Have you had a favorite setting for your own stories? What was it, and why was it your favorite? What about least favorite, and why?


Second, as a reader: Do you like rich settings? What's one setting you remember most in a book? Why? Does a vivid setting cause you to become more involved in the story? Or perhaps like/dislike the characters more strongly, depending on the setting?


I look forward to your thoughts.

Prepositions Aren't Always Fun

Third grade was an exciting time for me, even though much of my childhood memory is blank. When we got to third grade, we were issued ENGLISH books! I still remember its orange cover and black lettering, and was disappointed that my book was a little ragged on the edges, but I loved its contents.

I was one of those kids who actually LIKED diagramming sentences, and I loved finding all the prepositions because it was a small list of words I could memorize.

But as I became a writer and then an editor, I learned that prepositions aren’t always a writer’s best friend, especially when numerous prepositional phrases are used in a single run-on sentence, like this extreme example:

Looking through the store window on her right during her lunch break, Drucila spotted the dress of her dreams in pale yellow before she pirouetted right there on the sidewalk in broad daylight because she was so happy and in love she could just about die from excitement that tomorrow under the romantic stars she would become Matt’s wife in spite of what their parents said and they would live happily ever after just like in the fairy tales read to her by her mother since she was only a child still in diapers and sucking on a bottle from her crib in the evenings before bedtime.

How many prepositional phrases can you identify?* How many would you remove or change? Yes, this is one of those paragraphs that would probably get scrapped completely – pulling only a few choice nuggets of information from it.

Scan your manuscript. Read it aloud. Focus your words. Tighten. Remember as you write that the reader is not in YOUR head, and can’t see the story unfolding. (This is a very good thing for most of us.) You unfold it for them with logic, clarity, and purpose.

*P.S. There are 22 – did you find them all?

"Breaking the Rules" by Dave King

Breaking the Rules

"There are three rules for writing a novel. Unfortunately, no one knows what they are."

W. Somerset Maughm

If you’re reading this, then you’ve probably already read a lot about the art and craft of writing – how-to books, articles in both magazines and online, writing blogs. Maybe you’ve joined critique groups to trade feedback with other writers or taken writing classes. Maybe you’ve even read Self-Editing for Fiction Writers.

These various sources of information can often be a lot of help. They can open your eyes to writing techniques you didn’t know about, or help you see problems in your writing that you might not have otherwise noticed. But there’s a danger to all of them – not in the sources themselves, but in the way you approach them. Taken the wrong way, even the best of them can damage your writing. You can avoid this danger, though, if you remember one simple truth.

Sometimes, you need to ignore even the best advice.

A client struggling with his dialogue once asked me how long his sentences should be. He'd heard a writing teacher say that ten words was the limit. I replied that shorter sentences often increase the pace and tension of a story, which is usually a good thing – that’s probably why the teacher gave the advice she did. But it was far more critical for him to listen to his characters. If they were deliberate or rambling, they should speak in longer sentences. The terse or dimwitted should use shorter ones. He was in trouble because he was putting the advice he’d gotten ahead of the people he was trying to create.

The techniques you use in writing your story can’t be separated from the story itself. For instance, if you use more interior monologue to convey a character's reactions to events, your character will seem more introspective. Nor can you write shorter scenes without changing how your plot tension builds. A rule about the right way to structure a plot won’t help when what you need is the right to structure your plot. The best way to convey characters is always whatever is the best way to convey your characters. You need to find the advice that will let you tell your story rather than adapting your story to the advice you’re getting.

Of course, you do need to get advice. Your story may not be working because you're using a particular writing technique in a clumsy way through inexperience or inattention. You may be using an approach that doesn’t fit your story or ignoring another that does. But you can’t treat what you learn as immutable law: "Thou shalt not use dream sequences," "Thou shalt have no narrative summary," "Thou shalt not commit omniscient narration for it is an abomination." Instead, think of writing techniques as tools that let you perform certain tasks as you write.

The key to using any tool intelligently is to understand how it works. So as you’re reading about how often to paragraph, try to see how your writing changes if you paragraph more or less frequently. As you learn ways to work a character’s past into the story, ask yourself how the different techniques would affect the way your readers feel about that character. Then, once you have a feel for what the different tools can and cannot do, focus on your story, on your characters, on the particular vision that is your novel. This will help you choose the tools that will best create your story.

Above all, never follow advice blindly – not even my own. Some of my clients have become clients because they took the advice in Self-Editing for Fiction Writers as if it were commandments from on high – automatically eliminating all –ly adverbs or never writing anything that wasn’t an immediate scene. Sometimes the right thing to do is to ignore advice, even the best advice.

So how do you tell what to ignore? Inspiration. When some piece of advice inspires you, makes you say, “Of course, that’s what I’m doing wrong!” or leaves you itching to start on your rewrite, then you've just learned something you really need.

Good writing,

Dave King

Reprinted from Write On! the newsletter of Capital City Young Writers, December 2009.

A ROSE IS NOT A ROSE: NAMING CHARACTERS, Part 2

This week we’ll explore the nuts and bolts of choosing character names—and challenge you to create names of your own, or to share names you have chosen, and why.

1. Choose names appropriate to the region and time where you character lives.
Left without direction, I invariably choose British last names: Johnson. Litchfield. Griffiths. I’ve learned to check what countries settlers in that region immigrated from to expand my national roots. Phone directories are another excellent resource for names. Also, records exist online for the most popular boys’ and girls’ names from the 1879 (http://www.ssa.gov/OACT/babynames/ ).
2. Choose names appropriate to the family background of your characters. Named for a saint? A biblical name? A family member? Puritan? Slave? Quaker? Hippie?
3. Consider nicknames and other derivatives of your character’s given name. My character Roger Pigeon hated his given name and the teasing that went with it, and reinvented himself as hard-nosed reporter Rocky Storm.
4. Choose a name in keeping with your character’s personality. The heroine of my Grace Gulch series is one of the three Wilde sisters—in name and in behavior. Keep in mind both the actual meaning of the name (found on any one of many baby name sites) and the public perception of the name (see The Baby Name Survey Book by Bruce Lansky and Barry Sinrod)
5. Choose names with different initials. A lot of writers choose alliterative names for families. Don’t. Keeping James, Jack and Joshua straight from each other is confusing not only for your reader but also for you. In Prodigal Patriot, I change my heroine’s name from Joshua to Steven to avoid confusion with the hero, Josiah. I often create a list, A to Z, and jot down names next to the letter used. That way, when I need another name, I focus on a letter not already in use. Another method is to experiment with the letters on a license plate; it forces you to use letters you might otherwise ignore.
6. Beware of using the same names repeatedly. I named a character in Romanian Rhapsody Michelle Morris and then named the heroine in Beacon of Love Judith Morris (changed to Morrison). The hero’s father in Prodigal Patriot is Ben; I named the hero’s best friend Ben in Bridge to Love before I discovered my error and changed it. Sammy appears in Romanian Rhapsody; Sam is the hero in Beacon of Love; and I wrote another book about “plain old Sam” (since changed to “ordinary Joe”). Help!

Here is my challenge:
Contemporary Your heroine has been raising her son alone since her husband was listed as Missing in Action. She owns a natural foods store. She is overly protective of her son and resents interference from well-meaning family members. She holds on to a hope her husband will return, although it’s been five years. She lives in Maine. If you can, use the initials “AS.” What’s her name?

Or feel free to share the story of how you named your characters, or ask about one you can’t find just the right name for.

A ROSE IS NOT A ROSE: NAMING YOUR CHARACTER Part 1

Didn’t Tracy do a great job last week? I can’t promise as much excitement, but I want to talk about a topic near and dear to my heart: character names. (I’ll be speaking on this subject at OCFW in February.)

Romeo Montague may have told Juliet Capulet “"What's in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet,” but the same does not hold true for the characters in our fiction.

For instance, can you imagine if the characters in Gone With the Wind exchanged names? If Melanie was the husband stealer instead of Scarlett, or if Rhett was the milquetoast instead of Ashley? Would the characters be as memorable with such mismatched names?

The right name can convey a lot about your character:
1) Family values—from “Prudence” among Puritans to “Moonshine” among Hippies, some names reveal significant information about your character’s background.
2) National heritage: Both first and last names convey a sense of the national heritage of the character. Consider Bridget, Guadalupe, LaShondra; or how about Schmidt, Lee (Li), Jones.
3) Sex: Although there are names that defy categorization.
4) Generation: More so for women than for men. Most popular names shift from year to year. “Linda” was the most popular girl’s name from 1950-1952; it had dropped off the top ten list by 1966.
5) Family relationships. Is he a junior? Or a 4th? Was she named for a relative who died?

Come back for Part 2, when I discuss some nuts and bolts of “how to” name characters. What went into naming my characters Lucy Ames, Cici Wilde, Magda Grace Mallory, Joey Carpenter and Judith Morrison?

For now, share the names of your favorite characters and let us know why you like the name.

Opening Lines Should Hook the Reader

Originally, I planned to discuss the topic of showing vs. telling for this blog post, but the very day I sat down to write it, my friend and mentor Cecil Murphey began a six-part series on that very subject. I knew I couldn’t compete with his excellent training, so I decided to point you in his direction with a hearty recommendation, and write about something else instead. You can subscribe to his blog, so you won't miss a single post.

Today, let’s talk about hooks – those opening lines that grab a reader’s (and editor’s) attention and makes them want to read more.

In 90% of the novels I’ve edited, and even one I’ve written, the words on paper started before the actual story began. The author usually introduces the character or the setting as a prelude to the action of the story.

We get the action rolling in our head, and think it’s necessary to bring the reader along with us. But we’re wrong. The reader wants to plop down in her recliner and start the story, right in the middle of the action, not spend a couple of pages getting ready to read. In today’s climate of instant gratification, you’ve got to hook the reader from the beginning, and keep them hooked.

Two ways to hook your reader:

• Dialogue. Just make sure it’s not a conversation between a dozen people the reader needs to know to understand.
• Information. Make the reader ask a question. You want them asking things like “Why?”, “What happened?” or “What’s next?” Or even, “WHAT?”

I pulled some novels off my shelf of favorites, and here are their opening lines:

Show business and death don’t mix. Unfortunately, I discovered this while hosting a TV cooking show. – Tough Cookie by Diane Mott Davidson

When the mood strikes me, the moon is just right, and the ocean behind my home is calm and calling me, I obey it and come. Just like Mama taught me to, quick and with no lip – I come, body naked, soul bared, water flowing ‘round my waist – and once again I am seventeen, innocent, unashamed. Not stuck in this sixty-some-odd-year-old body that plumps and hangs whichever way it pleases. – Trouble the Water by Nicole Seitz

I’ve always said the Lord had to drag me kicking and screaming to His altar, but once I got there I pitched a tent, unrolled my sleeping bag, and made myself at home. Anyone less patient than the Almighty would have zipped up that sleeping bag, sewn the top shut, and tossed me into the Dumpster in the back parking lot. – Just As I Am by Virginia Smith

That sunny September day was full of surprises. The first came when, after my realization that the sedan was still right side up and the windshield and windows intact, I turned off the ignition and turned to look in the back seat. – Some Buried Caesar (Nero Wolfe Mysteries) by Rex Stout

Don’t these make you ask questions? Make you want to continue reading?

Now it's your turn. We’d love for you to share your opening lines with us. Just leave 50 words or less of your opening, and we’ll critique them. To make for easy reading, please format it like this:
Your first name
Genre of novel
Working Title of Novel

The first 50 words or less of your novel’s first chapter.

We’ll let you know whether it hooked us, or whether it needs some work.

Happy writing!